Which type of psychodynamic therapy encourages therapists to disclose things about themselves? Once collected or sensed (sensation is the cognitive process of detecting the physical energy given off or emitted by physical objects), the information is sent to the brain through the neural impulse. Finally, assertiveness training aids the client in protecting their rights and obtaining what they want from others. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of: Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior? Which is an example of latent content? Which of the following is NOT an example of diathesis in the diathesis-stress explanation of. 15. d. fixation at a lower level of ego functioning. c. operant conditioning. b. the evolution of adaptive and maladaptive behavior is fundamentally different. We then discussed biological, psychological, and sociocultural models of abnormality. When a doctor strikes your knee with that little hammer, your leg extends out automatically. David Rosenhan sent pseudopatients to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. a. psychodynamic I'm here for you." To truly understand brain structure and chemistry, it is a good idea to understand how communication occurs within the nervous system. Criticisms. We may think so, but a review of the evidence for and against this statement will show that it does not and reduce how threatening it seems. This might even affect how you interact with them. In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on: prejudice and discrimination faced by women. Which statement regarding the outcomes of couple therapy is FALSE? Furthermore, some patients report feeling as though they lack speech or motor control, thus feeling at times like a robot. Respondent conditioning (also called classical or Pavlovian conditioning) occurs when we link a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that is unlearned or inborn, called an unconditioned stimulus. a. id b. superego c. self d. ego, 38. b. The goal of therapy is to wean patients from their childlike dependency on the therapist. A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. d. libido. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: A patient with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. If the rat pushes the lever again sometime in the future and food is delivered, the behavior spontaneously recovers. What happens to the neurotransmitters that do not bind to a receptor site? Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? PSYC 1101 Review for Chapter 12 - Subjecto.com Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? 68. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the: a. id. Which model of abnormality cites physical processes as being the key to behavior? How so? Those who are not assertive are often overly passive and never get what they want or are unreasonably aggressive and only get what they want. b. axons. This represents the psychodynamic models _____ assumption. 2.3.2.4. What form do these consequences take? Finally, Freud used dream analysis to understand a persons innermost wishes. 31. These included risk versions of two genes that regulate the flow of calcium into cells. Likewise, twin and family studies have shown that people with first-degree relatives suffering from OCD are at higher risk to develop the disorder themselves. However, critics cite obvious ethical issues with conducting such surgeries as well as scientific issues. b. The room contains a highly prized toy, but they are told they cannot play with it. d. known risk and protective factors. a. humanistic-existential b. biological c. psychodynamic d. sociocultural, 5. The central nervous system (CNS) is the control center for the nervous system, which receives, processes, interprets, and stores incoming sensory information. Mind Reading Assuming others know what you are thinking without any evidence. This is called the absolute refractory period. c. ineffective treatment options. Likewise, if our action leads to dissatisfaction, then we will not repeat the same behavior in the future. Rita is seeing a gestalt therapist because she has anxiety about confronting her sister regarding painful interactions from their childhood. They all attempt to explain the causes and treatments for all psychological illnesses, and all from a different approach. This thought is an example of: a. depression. The greatest strength or appeal of the behavioral model is that its tenets are easily tested in the laboratory, unlike those of the psychodynamic model. E. Regarding the diathesis-stress model, which of the following statements is false? If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be: Theory focused on the behaviors people exhibit and the thoughts they have is usually described as: Ashley is a pole-vaulter who is ready for her event. 2.3.1.2. Types include habituation, or when we simply stop responding to repetitive and harmless stimuli in our environment such as a fan running in your laptop as you work on a paper, and sensitization, or when our reactions are increased due to a strong stimulus, such as an individual who experienced a mugging and now panics when someone walks up behind him/her on the street. If we stop providing the food pellets, in time, the rat will stop pushing the lever. A perfect run will not be possible because "I'm going to screw up!" The fundamental unit of the nervous system is the neuron, or nerve cell (See Figure 2.3). When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals: a. avoid discussing religion. a. existential 152. b. existential. For example, desensitization (Wolpe, 1997) teaches clients to respond calmly to fear-producing stimuli. The pineal gland helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle while the thyroid gland regulates the bodys energy levels by controlling metabolism and the basal metabolic rate (BMR). d. integrate new behaviors to compensate for other damaging behaviors. Identify and define important neurotransmitters. It influences blood pressure, thirst, contractions of the uterus during childbirth, milk production, sexual behavior and interest, body growth, the amount of water in the bodys cells, and other functions as well. They are only a problem when they reach consciousness. d. indicator of psychological conflict. b. psychologically healthy people have more time and energy for religion. Which would be a part of your paradigm? 141. Here are the models we will examine in this module: You should have learned the following in this section: Proponents of the biological model view mental illness as being a result of a malfunction in the body to include issues with brain anatomy or chemistry. So, if you were afraid of clowns, you would be thrown into a room full of clowns. What is the problem with a uni-dimensional model of psychopathology? Second, the viewpoint that all human behavior is explainable in biological terms, and therefore when issues arise, they can be treated using biological methods, overlooks factors that are not fundamentally biological. b. Rogers. This is called: a. fixation. In fact, behaviorism said psychology was to be the study of observable behavior. b. secondary prevention. a. Proponents of the biological model view mental illness as being a result of a malfunction in the body to include issues with brain anatomy or chemistry. There are times when we learn by simply watching others. d. This model requires the therapist to predict abnormal behavior in individuals. The person may think the schedule has simply changed. Try figuring out if you genuinely do not have time to go to the gym by recording what you do each day and then look at open times of the day. Which example BEST describes conditions of worth? d. develop depression that requires hospitalization. Think of it as an If-Then statement. a. the humanistic-existential model b. the family-social perspective c. the cognitive model d. the psychodynamic model, 11. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on exploring relationships among a persons thoughts, feelings and behaviors. d. synapses. Which model is MOST likely to predict that transference will occur during therapy? According to cognition-focused therapists, all of the following can be sources of abnormal thinking EXCEPT: a. illogical thinking. By seeing the model interact nicely with the fear evoking stimulus, their fear should subside. 61. a. But did you ever go to your grandparents house and grandma or grandpaor worse, BOTHtook pity on you and let you play your video games (or something equivalent)? Clarify how socioeconomic factors affect mental illness. When her friends or family criticize or express disapproval over something Johannah has done, she experiences a deep depression and self-abuse. d. brain circuits. In operant conditioning, the rule for determining when and how often we will reinforce the desired behavior is called the reinforcement schedule. All other toys are allowed, including a Bobo doll. Solved which statement about catergorical vs dimensions | Chegg.com c. feminist therapy. c. helping the client gain insight into his or her unconscious desires and needs. The perspective that religious views are defense mechanisms created by people to make life tolerable is MOST characteristic of: a. current thinking in the mental health profession. Rogers said that all people want to have positive regard from significant others in their life. In this family, the children are also discouraged from asking for advice or seeking support. They then realize their worth as a person but also that they are not perfect. You can generate a percentage of times you ruminated to the number of successful problem-solving strategies you generated. d. cognitive-behavioral. c. Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. d. use conscious thought as a means to decrease physiological signs of anxiety. None of the models are complete within themselves. c. superego. c. neurotransmitters. What is an important characteristic of group therapy? This form of behavior therapy is widely used in clinical, business, and classroom situations. If I do X, then Y will happen. c. neurons. Personality develops over five distinct stages in which the libido focuses on different parts of the body. c. paradigms. Antidepressants are used to treat depression, but also anxiety, insomnia, and pain. It begins with the individual learning a relaxation technique such as diaphragmatic breathing. a. existential therapy b. free association c. mindfulness meditation d. gestalt therapy, 98. 50. The persons true intentions or thoughts and feelings are not readily available to us, or are covert, and do not make for useful empirical data. Which abnormality model best lends itself to laboratory testing in terms of evaluating its efficacy? Hypnosis was used at first and relieved her symptoms, as it had done for many patients (See Module 1). c. the id, ego, and superego. After several conditioning trials, the child responded with fear to the mere presence of the white rat (Panel C). The fundamental attribution error occurs when we automatically assume a dispositional reason for another persons actions and ignore situational factors. Counselors, clinical psychologists, and psychotherapists often work directly in . d. bipolar disorder. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude toward the world. d. An investigators preferred paradigm influences how they interpret research findings. What is an important characteristic of group therapy? Describe commonly used treatments for mental illness. In fact, in many college classrooms, this is exactly what the instructor does. 82. The medical model of mental illness treats mental disorders in the same way as a broken arm, i.e., there is thought to be a physical cause.. also play a role, and this is the basis of the sociocultural model. In Module 2, we will discuss three models of abnormal behavior to include the biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. These two cases demonstrate what principle of developmental psychopathology? Brooklyn learns to turn on the TV by watching her older brother turn it on. SAD occurs with greater frequency for those living far north or south from the equator (Melrose, 2015). Attributions and cognitive errors. b. exposure therapy. The procedure is still the most controversial available to mental health professionals due to its effectiveness vs. the side effects, the objectivity of ECT experts, and the recent increase in ECT as a quick and easy solution, instead of long-term psychotherapy or hospitalization (https://www.mhanational.org/ect). There were times when something bit my foot while I was swimming, but I didn't get hurt at all. Overgeneralizing You see a larger pattern of negatives based on one event. List and describe the models of abnormality. b. ego. Multicultural psychologists assert that both normal behavior and abnormal behavior need to be understood in the context of the individuals unique culture and the groups value system. Source: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml. 69. 2.2.2.3. Cognitive therapies. According to psychoanalysis, which statement is TRUE of psychological conflicts? DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is our heredity material. Students also viewed PSY 381 Chapter 2 a. psychodynamic b. cognitive c. humanistic-existential d. behavioral, 60. Notice that preconditioning has both an A and a B panel. Module 2: Models of Abnormal Psychology Important here is that specific culture- and gender-related diagnostic issues are discussed for each disorder, demonstrating increased awareness of the impact of these factors. c. unconditional positive regard. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology? With each subsequent escape and re-insertion into the box, the cat became faster at correctly manipulating the levers. b. give insightful interpretations of the clients statements. A self-help group differs from group therapy in that the self-help group: a. focuses on less serious problems. 21. Neurotransmitters. c. moderate to severe mental illness and a coexisting developmental disorder. Rates of eating disorders are higher among women than men, though both genders are affected. Ego-defense mechanisms are in place to protect us from this pain but are considered maladaptive if they are misused and become our primary way of dealing with stress. Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology? b. During the time-out, no one interacts with the child. c. children who very seldom fight. She could see the answers of the person next to her and briefly considered copying his answers. Which theorist would be MOST likely to advocate use of skillful frustration as a part of therapy? In terms of what is being reinforced, we will either reinforce responses or time. This is called the. Chapters 1,2,3,&4 Test Jeopardy Template When I was about eight years old, I would walk up the street in my neighborhood, saying, Im Chicken Little and you cant hurt me. Most ignored me, but some gave me the attention I was seeking, a positive reinforcer. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the: Which statement is TRUE regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? 1. d. case studies. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. Observational learning is learning by watching others and modeling techniques change behavior by having subjects observe a model in a situation that usually causes them some anxiety. A therapist listens carefully to a client's words and then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? Where do you sit in class, if you are on a physical campus and not an online student? Which example BEST describes conditions of worth? She ultimately decided not to copy, knowing that doing so was wrong. The uni-dimensional model proposes a single factor as the cause of psychopathology while the multi-dimensional model integrates multiple causes of psychopathology and affirms that each cause comes to affect other causes over time. Any reference to cognitive processes was dismissed as this was not overt, but covert according to Watson and later Skinner. Behaviorism is the school of thought associated with learning that began in 1913 with the publication of John B. Watsons article, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, in the journal Psychological Review (Watson, 1913). d. The receiving neurons stop all firing. b. 71. An important factor to consider when prescribing drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that: a. some people do not benefit from drug treatments. a. losing the dog b. having the dream over and over c. feeling panicked in the dream d. feeling stress about her mothers illness. Chapter 3 Flashcards by Burton Dwight | Brainscape d. projection. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has not been able to help her get rid of them. Maladaptive cognitions. 157. Evaluate the usefulness of the biological model. Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. Another respondent conditioning way to unlearn a fear is called flooding or exposing the person to the maximum level of stimulus and as nothing aversive occurs, the link between CS and UCS producing the CR of fear should break, leaving the person unafraid. Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? a. starting treatment for a diagnosed mental health condition b. passing out educational materials that describe modifiable risk factors for mental illness c. providing routine mental health screenings, followed by immediate intervention as needed d. advocating for federal legislation that protects individuals mental health in the workplace. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: a. unresolved intrapsychic conflict. c. psychosurgery. In contrast, Thanatos, our death instinct, is either directed inward as in the case of suicide and masochism or outward via hatred and aggression. Then, Jones gave the child some pleasant food (i.e., something sweet such as cookies [Panel C]; remember the response to the food is unlearned, i.e., Panel A). 2.2.3.1. For instance, Parkinsons disease is a brain disorder that results in a gradual loss of muscle control and arises when cells in the substantia nigra, a long nucleus considered to be part of the basal ganglia, stop making dopamine. b. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the: a. oral stage. During the time-out, no one interacts with the child. d. existential. According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of _____________. Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and drug use during pregnancy are risk factors for ADHD. These medications fall under five major categories. d. sociocultural. b. operate in accordance with the reality principle. a. catharsis. When the individual is accepted as they are, they receive unconditional positive regard and become a fully functioning person. 2.2.3.3. Communication in the nervous system. 127. d. who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness. Gestalt therapy is similar to mindfulness techniques in its emphasis on: Cognitive-behavioral approaches used to treat social anxiety disorder aim to: alter illogical thinking patterns and reduce avoidance behaviors. According to the Genetics Home Reference website as part of NIHs National Library of Medicine, a gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity (https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene). d. researching the effectiveness of the therapy. PSYC 203 Chapter 2: Models of Abnormality, Week 12: CNS Drugs Neurodegenerative, Neurolo, Week 11: PNS Drugs (Cholinergic, Adrenergic). The perspective is overly precise. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: a. cognition-focused therapists. The sociocultural model has contributed significantly to our understanding of the nuances of mental illness diagnosis, prognosis, course, and treatment for other races, cultures, genders, ethnicities. a. focused primarily on unconscious thoughts, instincts, and conflict. 150. The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. Banduras Classic Experiment. PSY470 Models of Abnormality - Running Head: BENCHMARK - StuDocu